Declined demand because of public health issues, which have decreased pipeline transportation services.

State and federal agencies regulate many aspects of the transportation of natural gas, crude oil, and refined petroleum products.

Maintaining and expanding natural gas and oil distribution infrastructure requires significant capital investment.

Older pipelines, known as low-frequency electric resistance welded pipe (ERW), do not meet today’s corrosion standards and are considered high-risk for leaks and dangerous ruptures.

Oil and gas pipelines are often at capacity and bottlenecks are not uncommon when pipelines are closed for repairs.